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The fourth wall is the imaginary "wall" at the front of the stage in a traditional three-walled box set in a proscenium theatre, through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play. The concept is usually attributed to the philosopher, critic and dramatist Denis Diderot. The term itself was used by Molière. The fourth wall illusion is often associated with naturalist theatre of the mid 19th-century, and especially with the innovations of the French director André Antoine.〔 The restrictions of the fourth wall were challenged in 20th-century theatre.〔 Speaking directly to, otherwise acknowledging or doing something to the audience through this imaginary wall – or, in film and television, through a camera – is known as "breaking the fourth wall". As it is a penetration of a boundary normally set up or assumed by works of fiction, this is considered a metafictional technique.〔 In literature and video games, it occurs when a character acknowledges the reader or player.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Breaking The Fourth Wall: Literature. )〕 Breaking the fourth wall should not be confused with the aside or the soliloquy, dramatic devices often used by playwrights where characters on stage are delivering inner monologues, giving the audience insight into their thoughts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ldoceonline.com/Theatre-topic/aside_2 )〕 ==Convention of modern theatre== The presence of the fourth wall is an established convention of modern realistic theatre, which has led some artists to draw direct attention to it for dramatic or comedic effect when a boundary is "broken", for example by an actor onstage speaking to the audience directly.〔〔 It is common in children's theatre where, for example, a character might ask the children for help, as when Peter Pan appeals to the audience to clap for Tinkerbell. One play that uses the fourth wall extensively for comedic effect is ''The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.qpac.com.au/resources/images/Works_Shakespeare_13_Study_Guide_2013.pdf )〕 The acceptance of the transparency of the fourth wall is part of the suspension of disbelief between a fictional work and an audience, allowing them to enjoy the fiction as if they were observing real events.〔 Critic Vincent Canby described it in 1987 as "that invisible scrim that forever separates the audience from the stage". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fourth wall」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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